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Iran’s hard-line parliament approves all members of president’s Cabinet, first time since 2001

Iran’s hard-line parliament approves all members of president’s Cabinet, first time since 2001
Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian speaks during the debate on his proposed ministers at an open session of parliament, in Tehran, Iran, Wednesday, Aug. 21, 2024. Iran’s hard-line parliament on Wednesday approved all members of reformist President Masoud Pezeshkian’s Cabinet, the first time in over two decades a leader has been able to get all of his officials through the body. (AP)
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Updated 22 August 2024

Iran’s hard-line parliament approves all members of president’s Cabinet, first time since 2001

Iran’s hard-line parliament approves all members of president’s Cabinet, first time since 2001

TEHRAN: Iran’s hard-line parliament on Wednesday approved all members of reformist President Masoud Pezeshkian’s Cabinet, the first time in over two decades a leader has been able to get all of his officials through the body.
The approval marks an early win for Pezeshkian, a longtime lawmaker who found himself catapulted into the presidency after a helicopter crash in May killed his hard-line predecessor.
Getting his officials approved shows Pezeshkian picked a Cabinet of consensus with names palatable to all of the power centers within Iran’s theocracy, as opposed to going for controversial choices as well.
Underlining that point, Pezeshkian immediately posted an image online with him standing next to Iran’s judiciary chief, a Shiite cleric, and the country’s parliament speaker, a hard-liner he once faced in the election.
“Consensus for Iran,” he wrote in the caption.
Former Foreign Minister Mohamamad Javad Zarif, who campaigned for Pezeshkian in his election, later resigned as a vice president for the new leader over the Cabinet selections.
Among those in Pezeshkian’s new Cabinet is Abbas Araghchi, 61, a career diplomat who will be Iran’s new foreign minister.
Araghchi was a member of the Iranian negotiating team that reached a nuclear deal with world powers in 2015 that capped Tehran’s nuclear program in return for the lifting of sanctions.
In 2018, then-President Donald Trump pulled the US out of the deal and imposed more sanctions on Iran. Pezeshkian said during his presidential campaign that he would try to revive the nuclear deal.
The candidate who received the most support from lawmakers was the country’s new defense minister, Aziz Nasirzadeh, who received 281 votes out of 288 present lawmakers. The chamber has 290 seats.
Nasirzadeh was chief of the Iranian air force from 2018 to 2021.
Health Minister Mohammad Reza Zafarghandi received the lowest number of votes with 163.
The only female minister proposed, Housing and Road Minister Farzaneh Sadegh, a 47-year-old architect, received 231 votes. She is the first female minister in Iran in more than a decade.
The parliament also approved Pezeshkian’s proposed Intelligence Minister Ismail Khatib, as well as Justice Minister Amin Hossein Rahimi, both of whom served under the late President Ebrahim Raisi. Pezeshkian also put Raisi’s minister of industries, Abbas Aliabadi, in the post of energy minister.
Dropping proposed ministers has been a tradition in Iran’s parliament, making Pezeshkian’s success that much more striking. Former reformist President Mohammad Khatami was the only president who received vote of confidence for all of his proposed ministers in both 1997 and 2001.


Pakistan PM calls for national strategy to address rapid population growth

Pakistan PM calls for national strategy to address rapid population growth
Updated 2 min 2 sec ago

Pakistan PM calls for national strategy to address rapid population growth

Pakistan PM calls for national strategy to address rapid population growth
  • Pakistan has over 240 million people and annual growth rate of 2.55 percent, one of the highest in the region
  • Experts warn that if current trends continue unchecked, Pakistan’s population could exceed 400 million by 2050

ISLAMABAD: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on Thursday called for the urgent formulation of a national strategy to address Pakistan’s rapid population growth, warning that without coordinated planning, rising numbers could strain the country’s resources and economic development.

Pakistan, the fifth most populous country in the world, is grappling with a population crisis that threatens to outpace its economic growth, social services, and infrastructure. With over 240 million people and an annual growth rate of 2.55 percent, one of the highest in the region, the country faces mounting pressure on its health care, education, housing and employment systems. The pace of growth not only stretches public resources thin but also deepens inequality and urban overcrowding, especially in megacities like Karachi and Lahore.

Experts warn that if current trends continue unchecked, Pakistan’s population could exceed 400 million by 2050. Such expansion would exacerbate food insecurity, water scarcity, and climate vulnerability in a country already facing frequent natural disasters and economic instability.

Despite past commitments to family planning and reproductive health, successive governments have struggled to implement sustained, nationwide policies. The lack of coordination between federal and provincial governments, coupled with social taboos around contraception, continues to hinder progress, turning population growth into a slow-burning emergency.

“There is a need to plan so that the rapidly growing population can be made an active part of the economy,” Sharif said during a meeting with his cabinet, according to a statement shared by his office, which said the premier ordered the formation of a committee to develop an effective policy and strategy on population management.

Sharif noted that a large segment of the country’s population was made up of young people, calling them a “valuable and vital national asset.”

“Multiple initiatives are underway to provide youth with opportunities to contribute to the national economy,” Sharif said, also emphasizing the role of women in the workforce and calling for steps to ensure they have greater access to employment opportunities.

“Women are a major part of our labor force,” he said. “Steps should be taken to provide them with more employment opportunities.”

Officials presented proposals at the meeting, highlighting the need for a comprehensive national policy, developed in coordination with provincial governments, to address population growth and its associated challenges.

Participants also discussed the importance of launching a national awareness campaign on population issues in the context of economic development.


Pakistan to get export boost after US slashed tariffs in new trade deal — deputy finance chief

Pakistan to get export boost after US slashed tariffs in new trade deal — deputy finance chief
Updated 3 min 37 sec ago

Pakistan to get export boost after US slashed tariffs in new trade deal — deputy finance chief

Pakistan to get export boost after US slashed tariffs in new trade deal — deputy finance chief
  • The 19% tariff is lower than what the US imposed on regional competitors, including Vietnam and India
  • Pakistan exported $6 billion worth of goods to the US last fiscal year, making it its largest export market

ISLAMABAD: State Minister for Finance and Revenue Bilal Azhar Kayani said on Thursday Pakistan expected a significant boost in exports to the United States following successful trade negotiations that convinced President Donald Trump’s administration to lower tariffs on Pakistani products to 19%.

Pakistan and the United States finalized a trade agreement last week under which 19% tariff was imposed on a wide range of Pakistani goods. The new rate marked a considerable reduction from the initially proposed 29% under a sweeping executive order signed by Trump.

Islamabad had pushed for a lower tariff than its regional competitors, including Vietnam, which now faces a 20% tariff, and India, whose exports were hit with an additional 25% levy a day earlier over continued imports of Russian oil.

“The trade deal that has just been finalized with America has resulted in us getting a 19% tariff, the lowest tariff in the South Asia region,” Kayani told lawmakers in the National Assembly. “This, God willing, will certainly lead to an increase in our exports.”

He emphasized the US was already Pakistan’s largest export destination.

“In the last fiscal year, out of $32 billion in exports, $6 billion went to America. So this is definitely a tried and tested market, our biggest export market, and the relative reduction in this tariff will certainly benefit us.”

Kayani said the trade breakthrough reflected a broader improvement in US-Pakistan relations, contrasting the current diplomatic engagement with a period of strained ties under the government led by the opposition Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party.

“No one could have imagined that we would have this kind of relationship with America today, or that we would be signing a trade deal like this, one that would give Pakistan the lowest tariff in the South Asia region,” he said, urging the opposition to acknowledge the government’s achievement.

He also linked the ongoing momentum in the bilateral relations to what he called “diplomatic victories” after Pakistan’s recent four-day military standoff with India, which ended with a US-brokered ceasefire on May 10.

The minister noted that bilateral cooperation with Washington had expanded since then, adding that Pakistan’s army chief, Field Marshal Asim Munir, was invited to the White House for a meeting with President Trump in the aftermath of the same conflict.

Kayani’s remarks come at a time when Pakistan and the United States strengthen ties in key sectors including security, trade and investment.

President Trump announced earlier this month his administration would assist Pakistan in developing its oil reserves.

Washington and Islamabad are also collaborating in cryptocurrency, with Pakistan eyeing US investment in mining, rare earths and information technology.


Grok, is that Gaza? AI image checks mislocate news photographs

Grok, is that Gaza? AI image checks mislocate news photographs
Updated 23 min 33 sec ago

Grok, is that Gaza? AI image checks mislocate news photographs

Grok, is that Gaza? AI image checks mislocate news photographs
  • Furor arose after Grok wrongly identified a recent image of an underfed girl in Gaza as one from Yemen years back
  • Internet users are turning to AI to verify images more and more, but recent mistakes highlight the risks of blindly trusting the technology

PARIS: This image by AFP photojournalist Omar Al-Qattaa shows a skeletal, underfed girl in Gaza, where Israel’s blockade has fueled fears of mass famine in the Palestinian territory.
But when social media users asked Grok where it came from, X boss Elon Musk’s artificial intelligence chatbot was certain that the photograph was taken in Yemen nearly seven years ago.
The AI bot’s untrue response was widely shared online and a left-wing pro-Palestinian French lawmaker, Aymeric Caron, was accused of peddling disinformation on the Israel-Hamas war for posting the photo.
At a time when Internet users are turning to AI to verify images more and more, the furor shows the risks of trusting tools like Grok, when the technology is far from error-free.
Grok said the photo showed Amal Hussain, a seven-year-old Yemeni child, in October 2018.
In fact the photo shows nine-year-old Mariam Dawwas in the arms of her mother Modallala in Gaza City on August 2, 2025.
Before the war, sparked by Hamas’s October 7, 2023 attack on Israel, Mariam weighed 25 kilograms, her mother told AFP.
Today, she weighs only nine. The only nutrition she gets to help her condition is milk, Modallala told AFP — and even that’s “not always available.”
Challenged on its incorrect response, Grok said: “I do not spread fake news; I base my answers on verified sources.”
The chatbot eventually issued a response that recognized the error — but in reply to further queries the next day, Grok repeated its claim that the photo was from Yemen.
The chatbot has previously issued content that praised Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and that suggested people with Jewish surnames were more likely to spread online hate.


Grok’s mistakes illustrate the limits of AI tools, whose functions are as impenetrable as “black boxes,” said Louis de Diesbach, a researcher in technological ethics.
“We don’t know exactly why they give this or that reply, nor how they prioritize their sources,” said Diesbach, author of a book on AI tools, “Hello ChatGPT.”
Each AI has biases linked to the information it was trained on and the instructions of its creators, he said.
In the researcher’s view Grok, made by Musk’s xAI start-up, shows “highly pronounced biases which are highly aligned with the ideology” of the South African billionaire, a former confidante of US President Donald Trump and a standard-bearer for the radical right.
Asking a chatbot to pinpoint a photo’s origin takes it out of its proper role, said Diesbach.
“Typically, when you look for the origin of an image, it might say: ‘This photo could have been taken in Yemen, could have been taken in Gaza, could have been taken in pretty much any country where there is famine’.”
AI does not necessarily seek accuracy — “that’s not the goal,” the expert said.
Another AFP photograph of a starving Gazan child by Al-Qattaa, taken in July 2025, had already been wrongly located and dated by Grok to Yemen, 2016.
That error led to Internet users accusing the French newspaper Liberation, which had published the photo, of manipulation.


An AI’s bias is linked to the data it is fed and what happens during fine-tuning — the so-called alignment phase — which then determines what the model would rate as a good or bad answer.
“Just because you explain to it that the answer’s wrong doesn’t mean it will then give a different one,” Diesbach said.
“Its training data has not changed and neither has its alignment.”
Grok is not alone in wrongly identifying images.
When AFP asked Mistral AI’s Le Chat — which is in part trained on AFP’s articles under an agreement between the French start-up and the news agency — the bot also misidentified the photo of Mariam Dawwas as being from Yemen.
For Diesbach, chatbots must never be used as tools to verify facts.
“They are not made to tell the truth,” but to “generate content, whether true or false,” he said.
“You have to look at it like a friendly pathological liar — it may not always lie, but it always could.”


Lebanon cabinet to meet again on Hezbollah disarmament

Lebanon cabinet to meet again on Hezbollah disarmament
Updated 23 min 46 sec ago

Lebanon cabinet to meet again on Hezbollah disarmament

Lebanon cabinet to meet again on Hezbollah disarmament
  • Amid fears Israel could expand its strikes in Lebanon, Prime Minister Nawaf Salam tasked the army with developing a plan to restrict weapons to government forces by the end of 2025

BEIRUT: Lebanon’s cabinet is set to meet again on Thursday to discuss the thorny task of disarming Hezbollah, a day after the Iran-backed group rejected the government’s decision to take away its weapons.
With Washington pressing Lebanon to take action on the matter, US envoy Tom Barrack has made several visits to Beirut in recent weeks, presenting officials with a proposal that includes a timetable for Hezbollah’s disarmament.
Amid the US pressure and fears Israel could expand its strikes in Lebanon, Prime Minister Nawaf Salam said Tuesday that the government had tasked the army with developing a plan to restrict weapons to government forces by the end of 2025.
The decision is unprecedented since the end of Lebanon’s civil war more than three decades ago, when the country’s armed factions — with the exception of Hezbollah — agreed to surrender their weapons.
The government said the new disarmament push was part of implementing a November ceasefire that sought to end more than a year of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah.
That conflict culminated last year in two months of full-blown war that left the group badly weakened, both politically and militarily.
Hezbollah said on Wednesday that it would treat the government’s decision to disarm it “as if it did not exist,” accusing the cabinet of committing a “grave sin.”
It added that the move “undermines Lebanon’s sovereignty and gives Israel a free hand to tamper with its security, geography, politics and future existence.”
The Amal movement, Hezbollah’s main ally headed by parliament speaker Nabih Berri, also criticized the move and called Thursday’s cabinet meeting “an opportunity for correction.”
Iran, Hezbollah’s military and financial backer, said on Wednesday that any decision on disarmament “will ultimately rest with Hezbollah itself.”
“We support it from afar, but we do not intervene in its decisions,” Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi added, saying the group had “rebuilt itself” after the war with Israel.
Two ministers affiliated with Hezbollah and the Amal movement walked out of Tuesday’s meeting on disarmament in protest.
Hezbollah described the walkout as a rejection of the government’s “decision to subject Lebanon to American tutelage and Israeli occupation.”
Citing “political sources” with knowledge of the matter, pro-Hezbollah newspaper Al Akhbar said the group and its Amal allies could choose to withdraw their four ministers from the government or trigger a no-confidence vote in parliament by the Shiite bloc, which comprises 27 of Lebanon’s 128 lawmakers.
Israel — which routinely carries out air strikes in Lebanon despite the ceasefire, saying it is targeting Hezbollah fighters and infrastructure — has already signalled it would not hesitate to launch destructive military operations if Beirut failed to disarm the group.
Israeli strikes in south Lebanon killed two people on Wednesday, according to the Lebanese health ministry.


Recommended reading to see out the summer

Recommended reading to see out the summer
Updated 29 min 48 sec ago

Recommended reading to see out the summer

Recommended reading to see out the summer
  • Arab News writers select some of their favorite books

 Arab News writers select some of their favorite books to add to your summer reading list. 

‘Cannery Row’  

John Steinbeck 

Critics haven’t always been kind to Steinbeck’s short 1945 novel. “Sentimental” and “trivial” are two accusations sometimes thrown at it. The first it may be. The second it definitely isn’t; the seeming simplicity of the language and the book’s nostalgia and humor shouldn’t obscure its depths. The book, Steinbeck said, was written in response to a request from soldiers to “write something funny that isn’t about the war.” The setting he chose was the titular street in Monterey, California during the Great Depression, home to a host of sardine canneries (hence the name), a group of homeless men led by Mack, a few storekeepers, a bordello, and Doc, a marine biologist whose kind-heartedness has made him beloved by the locals. To show their appreciation, Mack and his boys decide to throw Doc a party. It gets wildly out of control, and much of Doc’s home — and his lab — is ruined. So Mac and the boys throw him another party to cheer him up. The book is written with such brilliant economy. The characters are so vividly realized, so specific and singular, yet instantly recognizable — and Steinbeck’s love and respect for them shines through on every page. You’ll come to love them too. 

Adam Grundey 

 

‘The Secret Diary of Hendrik Groen, 83 1/4 Years Old’  

Peter de Smet 

This might sound mundane — even more so when you learn that it’s the diary of a man living in a care home in the Netherlands — and it is. But beautifully so.  

Dutch writer Peter de Smet created this light, funny and deeply emotive book (published as Hendrik Groen) about a perfectly ordinary man living in a retirement home. We join Groen on Jan. 1, 2013, as he professes: “Another year, and I still don’t like old people.” He is bored, so decides to write a secret expose, revealing the antics of day-to-day life in his retirement home where he and his friends refuse to take their lives — or those of the other “inmates” — too seriously. Instead they create the “Old-But-Not-Dead Club” and stir up trouble. 

This is an easy, and thoroughly lovely, read. By the end you will crave more time with Hendrik and his friends. Luckily, there is a second diary. 

Peter Harrison 

 

‘The Let Them Theory’  

Mel Robbins 

This has become a personal guide to peace of mind for me. It taught me to stop worrying about how others act or react, and to detach from the kinds of frustrating behaviors that used to ruin my day.  

One of the reasons I love this book is because it helped me become more patient, especially with the people closest to me. It introduced me to the idea of surrender, to observing instead of controlling, and to simply let things unfold. Not every action deserves a reaction. Sometimes, no reaction is the best reaction. Robbins challenges you to embrace a new — healthier — mindset, one that saves your energy for what really matters and encourages you to lower your expectations. Or, better yet, let go of expectations altogether. 

If you’re someone who gets triggered easily or feels the need to control how others behave, the philosophy in this book offers a refreshing shift: Detach from attachment; let others be who they are; and release the urge to change or correct them. Just let them! 

Nada Hameed 

 

‘The Way of Kings’  

Brandon Sanderson 

Come for the epic worldbuilding, stay for the crushing character studies. Brandon Sanderson’s first book in his planned 10-book “Stormlight Archive” (five are now out), is epic fantasy at its finest. While Sanderson more than proved his worldbuilding skills in his beloved “Mistborn” series, he kicks it up a notch here with the fascinating world of Roshar, introducing us to ancient oaths, magical highstorms and dueling kingdoms. But beyond its breathtaking scope lies the true magic of the series: its characters. Sanderson goes far beyond the trope-y caricatures that litter fantasy fiction and digs deep to create well-rounded, relatable characters, whether that’s Kaladin’s struggle with depression, Shallan’s deeply fractured identity, or Dalinar’s journey from bloodthirsty warlord to peacemaker. And then there’s the magic system. While I won’t spoil the details, Sanderson’s approach to Surgebinding is like nothing else in the genre. So, if you’re looking to go on an epic and inspiring journey with characters who fight hard to persevere against all odds, try “The Way of Kings.” 

Shyama Krishna Kumar 

 

‘Five Quarters of the Orange’  

Joanne Harris 

A beautifully written, multi-layered novel by Joanne Harris (of “Chocolat” fame) “Five Quarters of the Orange” blends the concepts of memory, mystery and the complexities of family relationships. 

Set during and after the Nazi occupation of France, it follows Framboise, a reclusive woman who returns to her childhood village where her family was once disgraced. As she restores her late mother’s farmhouse and opens a small restaurant, Framboise begins to piece together the secrets of the past, guided in part by her mother’s cryptic recipe book. The story delicately explores the bonds and tensions that often exist between mothers and daughters, the legacy of guilt and the fragility of memory to weave an evocative, atmospheric and quietly powerful tale. Harris writes with sensuality and depth, especially in the way she uses food as both a narrative device and emotional touchstone. 

If you enjoy literary fiction with heart, flavor and just a hint of darkness, then this is for you. 

Rebecca Parsley 

 

‘Bܳٳٱ’&Բ;&Բ;

Asako Yuzuki 

It is difficult to fit “Butter” neatly into a genre — and that’s what makes this Japanese bestseller by Asako Yuzuki so quietly compelling. Inspired by an actual serial-killer case in Japan, the novel follows a Tokyo-based journalist who starts interviewing a woman accused of killing men by seducing them with her cooking. So far, so murder-mystery, right? Wrong. “Butter” offers the reader the opportunity to sink their teeth into extraordinarily delicious food writing, with Yuzuki describing tastes and textures that will leave you craving dishes you’ve never tried. Adding weight to the story is an insightful, sometimes uncomfortable, exploration of sexism, self-image and relationships in Japanese culture — the real reason this book will stay on your mind long after the last chapter. It’s a refreshing read for women from any cultural background, and I’m willing to bet my last bite readers will connect with its themes of fatphobia, seeking pleasure in food, and the many, many contradictions of what is expected of women the world over.   

Saffiya Ansari 

 

‘D𳾾’&Բ;&Բ;

Herman Hesse 

“I realize today that nothing in the world is more distasteful to a man than to take the path that leads to himself,” Hesse writes in “Demian.” In our world of endless self-help books, where a self-proclaimed expert is always available to lecture us on the best path forward, this brilliantly written 106-year-old novel of self-discovery remains a subtle yet powerful reminder that the greatest guide one has is oneself. It follows outcast teenage protagonist, Emil Sinclair (the name the book was first published under), as he attempts to understand his place in the world, often seeking guidance from his friend Max Demian — a charismatic and self-assured figure quite unlike Emil. Throughout the book, Emil is confronted with the duality of his own personality — torn between his lighter wholesome side and a darker, rebellious, transgressive one. Exploring mysticism, psychology and philosophy, Hesse takes his readers on a thought-provoking ride as Emil is forced to face the difficult conversations necessary to reach self-discovery. “Demian” was written at a time of great social and technological advancement and, despite being more than a century old, it remains as relevant today as ever.  

Khaled Al Khawaldeh 

 

‘The Leftovers’  

Tom Perrotta 

Imagine 18 percent of the global population suddenly vanishes into thin air. Where did they go? And, more importantly, why did they go? This is exactly what Earth’s leftovers (get it?) continue to ponder years later. Perotta takes readers into the lives of residents of Mapleton, a slice of suburban Americana where everyone has been affected by the “sudden departure,” but none more than Nora, who has lost her husband and both children. Inversely, Kevin — the mayor — and his family survived intact. Sort of. His wife Laurie has joined the Guilty Remnant, a cult borne out of the rapture-like event who repent the sin of surviving by chain-smoking cigarettes and not speaking; his son Tom has dropped out of university because he doesn’t see the point anymore and joined self-proclaimed prophet and healer Wayne’s caravan; while his daughter Jill has stuck around.  

Perotta gives an intimate view of his main characters through their own eyes within each chapter. And you find yourself wondering what you would do in their position. Join a cult? Carry on as normal? Go travel the world? “The Leftovers” leaves you wanting more, but in the best way possible.  

Tarek Ali Ahmed 

 

‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning’  

Alan Sillitoe 

Before The Beatles, there was Arthur Seaton, the true working-class hero of Alan Sillitoe’s groundbreaking 1958 novel “Saturday Night and Sunday Morning.” Seaton was the spokesman for the British proletariat long before John, Paul, George and Ringo — even if the extent of his philosophy was merely to “have a good time” (the rest being “propaganda”). 

The book, set in Sillitoe’s home city of Nottingham, provided the working class with both a voice and a hero in a world seemingly devoid of the spoils of victory after World War II — albeit a hero who drank himself to incoherence and womanized himself to a severe beating. Alongside “Room at the Top” and “This Sporting Life” — other “angry young men” novels of the era — “Saturday Night and Sunday Morning” showed that youngsters were getting their kicks long before the UK began to ‘swing’ — or could afford to — in the Sixties. Pacy and compelling, this is as much a social-history lesson as the rite of passage it proved on publication.   

Nick Wood 

 

‘The Age of Innocence’ 

Edith Wharton 

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Helen McDonald