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What We Are Reading Today: ‘On the Freedom of the Will’

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Updated 17 January 2025

What We Are Reading Today: ‘On the Freedom of the Will’

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  • Schopenhauer distinguishes between different types of freedom, including physical, intellectual and moral

Author: Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer’s “On the Freedom of the Will” is a landmark philosophical work that explores one of humanity’s most debated questions: Do we have free will?

Published in 1839 as part of a prize competition held by the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, this essay won first prize for the author and remains one of his most influential works.

In it, Schopenhauer rigorously examines the concept of free will, combining insights from metaphysics, psychology and science.

He argues for a deterministic view of human action, asserting that while humans may feel free in their decisions, their choices are ultimately determined by external circumstances and internal motivations beyond their control.

Schopenhauer distinguishes between different types of freedom, including physical, intellectual and moral.

While he concedes that humans have physical freedom (freedom from external coercion), he rejects the notion of metaphysical freedom — the idea individuals can act independently of causality.

One of the essay’s key contributions is Schopenhauer’s clear articulation of the relationship between will and action. He asserts that our actions are a direct expression of our unchanging character, which itself is shaped by factors outside our control.

This perspective challenges traditional notions of moral responsibility, as it questions whether individuals can be truly “free” in a moral sense.

The essay also explores the implications of determinism for ethics and human behavior.

Schopenhauer’s arguments are deeply rooted in his broader philosophical system, particularly his concept of the “will” as the driving force behind all existence.

He blends philosophical reasoning with practical examples, making his work both intellectually rigorous and accessible to readers.

Schopenhauer’s writing style is notable for its clarity and precision, though it carries his characteristic pessimism and sharp critiques of opposing views. His dismissal of metaphysical freedom as an illusion is provocative and has sparked debate among philosophers for centuries.

“On the Freedom of the Will” is a profound, thought-provoking work that challenges readers to reconsider their assumptions about free will, causality and moral responsibility.

Schopenhauer’s arguments remain relevant today, influencing contemporary discussions in philosophy, neuroscience, and psychology.


What We Are Reading Today: ‘I Was Working: Poems’ by Ariel Yelen

What We Are Reading Today: ‘I Was Working: Poems’ by Ariel Yelen
Updated 13 October 2025

What We Are Reading Today: ‘I Was Working: Poems’ by Ariel Yelen

What We Are Reading Today: ‘I Was Working: Poems’ by Ariel Yelen

Seeking to find a song of the self that can survive or even thrive amid the mundane routines of work, Ariel Yelen’s lyrics include wry reflections on the absurdities and abjection of being a poet who is also an office worker and commuter in New York.

In the poems’ dialogues between labor and autonomy, the beeping of a microwave in the staff lounge becomes an opportunity for song. 


What We Are Reading Today: ‘Beyond Anxiety’

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Updated 12 October 2025

What We Are Reading Today: ‘Beyond Anxiety’

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  • The book suggests that personal regulation and social well-being are intertwined: Cultivating creativity and connection at the individual level contributes to healthier communities and more humane institutions

Martha Beck’s “Beyond Anxiety: Curiosity, Creativity and Finding Your Life’s Purpose” examines why modern life leaves so many people on edge and proposes a clear, practical route out of chronic worry.

Rather than treating anxiety as a defect to eliminate, Beck reframes it as a misdirected guidance system. She contrasts the “anxiety spiral,” a loop that keeps the body in threat mode, with a “creativity spiral” that restores flexibility, connection and purposeful action.

The book’s strength lies in its accessibility. The author distills neuroscience into plain language and focuses on short practices that fit into daily routines.

It invites readers to interrupt worry loops through curiosity, sensory grounding and playful problem-solving. These micro-exercises shift attention from scanning for danger to exploring options, gradually teaching the nervous system how to settle.

A social perspective complements the individual guidance. Drawing on ideas akin to Max Weber’s “iron cage,” Beck argues that systems built on speed, metrics, and profit amplify vigilance and crowd out meaning.

The book suggests that personal regulation and social well-being are intertwined: Cultivating creativity and connection at the individual level contributes to healthier communities and more humane institutions.

I appreciate how practical it is — offering prompts for five-minute experiments, reflections that encourage noticing small changes and gentle checkpoints that prevent perfectionism from derailing progress.

Newcomers will find plain language and doable routines; experienced readers may recognize familiar ideas but will appreciate the renewed emphasis on creativity as a regulatory tool.

Those well versed in mindfulness, somatic work or habit change may still welcome the way Beck links curiosity to nervous-system flexibility, giving an immediate lever to pull when worry spikes.

The message is ultimately hopeful. “Beyond Anxiety” does not promise a life without fear; instead it shows how to transform anxious energy into fuel for discovery, relationships and purpose.

Readers who want steps they can try today — without jargon or heavy time commitments — will find the approach inviting. As a field guide for overwhelmed beginners, it is clear, humane and designed for real life.

 


What We Are Reading Today: ‘Costa Rica’s Rainforests’

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Updated 12 October 2025

What We Are Reading Today: ‘Costa Rica’s Rainforests’

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  • This lavishly illustrated book provides a fascinating, up-to-date, and accessible introduction to the natural history of this forest and its flowering plants

Author: SCOTT WESLEY SHUMWAY

The lowland rainforest of Costa Rica is one of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on the planet.

This lavishly illustrated book provides a fascinating, up-to-date, and accessible introduction to the natural history of this forest and its flowering plants, ferns, fungi, birds, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, fishes, and insects.

The book focuses on La Selva Research Station, one of the best-studied tropical forests in the world, but it applies to all of Costa Rica’s lowland rainforests and the species it covers are common throughout much of Central America and the Neotropics.

 


What We Are Reading Today: The Life of Violet by Virginia Woolf

What We Are Reading Today: The Life of Violet by Virginia Woolf
Updated 11 October 2025

What We Are Reading Today: The Life of Violet by Virginia Woolf

What We Are Reading Today: The Life of Violet by Virginia Woolf

In 1907, eight years before she published her first novel, a 25-year-old Virginia Woolf drafted three interconnected comic stories chronicling the adventures of a giantess named Violet — a teasing tribute to Woolf’s friend Mary Violet Dickinson.

But it was only in 2022 that Woolf scholar Urmila Seshagiri discovered a final, revised typescript of the stories.

The typescript revealed that Woolf had finished this mock-biography, making it her first fully realized literary experiment and a work that anticipates her later masterpieces.


What We Are Reading Today: ‘Try to Love the Questions’

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Updated 10 October 2025

What We Are Reading Today: ‘Try to Love the Questions’

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  • This invaluable guide explores the challenges facing students as they prepare to listen, speak, and learn in a college community and encourages students and faculty

Author: LARA SCHWARTZ

“Try to Love the Questions” gives college students a framework for understanding and practicing dialog across difference in and out of the classroom.

This invaluable guide explores the challenges facing students as they prepare to listen, speak, and learn in a college community and encourages students and faculty alike to consider inclusive, respectful communication as a skill—not as a limitation on freedom.