萝莉视频

Saudis dig deep into their wallets as Eid Al-Adha drives spending surge

Saudis dig deep into their wallets as Eid Al-Adha drives spending surge
Muslims participate in a special morning prayer around the Kaaba, Islam's holiest shrine, at the Grand Mosque complex in Mecca on June 6, 2025, to mark the start of the Eid al-Adha festival, which marks the end of their Hajj pilgrimage. AFP
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Updated 06 June 2025

Saudis dig deep into their wallets as Eid Al-Adha drives spending surge

Saudis dig deep into their wallets as Eid Al-Adha drives spending surge

RIYADH: 萝莉视频鈥檚 Eid Al-Adha holiday is proving to be a major economic driver, fueling robust growth across the Kingdom鈥檚 livestock, retail, and domestic tourism sectors.

Coinciding with the annual Hajj pilgrimage, the extended public holiday channels billions of riyals into the economy as businesses ramp up operations to meet soaring seasonal demand.

Livestock markets are bustling, shopping centers are teeming with eager consumers, and hotels and resorts across the Kingdom are reporting high occupancy rates 鈥 all pointing to a dynamic shift in consumer behavior and an increasingly diversified economic landscape.

Retail activity, in particular, is experiencing a seasonal boom. From glittering gold souqs and fashion boutiques to thriving e-commerce platforms, shoppers are on the lookout for Eid gifts, festive attire, and high-end products.

A recent survey by Toluna and MetrixLab shows that 47 percent of Saudi consumers expect to spend more this Eid than last year. Over half (51 percent) are boosting their shopping budgets, while 44 percent are allocating more for dining out.

Among the most in-demand items this season are fashion apparel, gold and diamond jewelry, perfumes, and electronics. In response, retailers are rolling out aggressive promotions, with 49 percent of consumers attracted to price discounts, 40 percent favoring bundled deals, and 33 percent looking for cash-back incentives.

The digital retail landscape is also witnessing significant momentum. The survey highlights that 31 percent of consumers now fall into the 鈥渉eavy digital shopper鈥 category 鈥 individuals who make purchases daily or several times a week.




Perfumes are one of the most in demand items. Getty

鈥淓id gifting remains a core element of celebrations, with 89 percent of KSA residents planning to give gifts in 2025,鈥 the report stated. 聽

The report added: 鈥淟uxury gifting continues to rise, with 41 percent opting for fashion cloths, up from 36 percent in 2024, dates, and sweets 45 percent, and major electronic devices gaining popularity, rising from 22 percent to 24 percent.鈥澛

Fragrances and gourmet items such as dates and chocolates also continue to dominate gifting choices, reflecting cultural values and the desire to present meaningful and luxurious tokens of appreciation. 聽

The trend of self-gifting, while slightly down from 2024, remains strong, indicating the growing role of Eid as a moment for personal indulgence.

The tourism and hospitality sector stands out as one of the biggest winners during Eid Al-Adha, with hotels, resorts, and travel operators across 萝莉视频 witnessing a surge in demand. 聽

JS Anand, founder and CEO of Leva Hotels, told Arab News that the holiday鈥檚 timing alongside the Hajj pilgrimage makes it a uniquely impactful season, not only for spiritual observance but also for economic momentum driven by both local and international tourism.聽

鈥淓id Al-Adha will increasingly serve as a key driver for business and consumption, benefiting both local and regional markets. Beyond its economic impact, the holiday is also a time for spiritual reflection, generosity, and community, while highlighting 萝莉视频鈥檚 vibrant culture and hospitality,鈥 Anand said.聽

He added: 鈥淚ncreased consumer spending during this period benefits industries such as transportation, hospitality, and retail, while the extended holiday period further amplifies economic activity.鈥澛

Speaking on shifting consumer behaviors, Anand noted that travelers are becoming more discerning and value-conscious. While they are not necessarily looking for the cheapest option, they want to ensure they鈥檙e getting meaningful value for what they pay.聽

He added: 鈥淕uests increasingly expect hotels to deliver not just a place to stay, but a personalized, experience-rich offering that resonates with their lifestyle and preferences.鈥澛




JS Anand, founder and CEO of Leva Hotels. Supplied

Domestic tourism continues to thrive, but international travel has surged in popularity among Saudi residents. 聽

According to Wego, 96.12 percent of Eid-related travel searches in the Kingdom are now for international destinations, up from 87.34 percent last year. 聽

Top destinations include Egypt, India, and the UAE, as well as Pakistan, Turkiye, and Bangladesh, along with a rising interest in European and Southeast Asian locales such as Italy, Thailand, and Malaysia.聽

Despite the international travel boom, domestic destinations like Jeddah, Riyadh, and Madinah, alongside Dammam and Abha, remain popular for their cultural attractions and spiritual experiences. 聽

Wego data suggests that cultural exploration is becoming a primary driver in destination selection, as travelers seek meaningful connections during the holiday.聽

Anand affirmed this trend: 鈥淭he hospitality sector must be agile, crafting offerings that cater not only to the loyal domestic traveler but also to the rising wave of international visitors.鈥澛

He continued: 鈥淔or hotels, this means providing thoughtfully tailored packages, seamless digital booking experiences, and culturally resonant, memorable stays that appeal to both local guests and the growing base of inbound international tourists discovering 萝莉视频 during the festive Eid season and beyond.鈥澛

Businesses are also preparing for the holiday through targeted promotions and operational enhancements. 鈥淭oday, it鈥檚 all about creating value-added, memorable, immersive experiences and curating unique, personalized offerings to meet the surge in demand and deliver exceptional value.鈥澛

Mohammed Al-Mu鈥檃jil, a tourism expert, told Arab News that 萝莉视频 is seeing remarkable shifts in travel and consumer behavior this Eid season.聽

鈥淚n 2025, 萝莉视频 witnessed a significant rise in consumer spending, with total expenditure reaching approximately SR148 billion ($39.46 billion) in March, the highest level since May 2021, reflecting a 17 percent increase compared to the previous year. This growth is attributed to the Ramadan and Eid Al-Fitr seasons, in addition to the Umrah season,鈥 Al-Mu鈥檃jil said.聽

With more people shopping and traveling, businesses are also recalibrating their approach to Eid. 聽

Al-Mu鈥檃jil also highlighted the increasing role of technology and digital outreach stating: 鈥淐ompanies are increasingly relying on digital channels to engage with customers, with 94.03 percent of internet users in the Kingdom active on social media platforms such as X, TikTok, and Snapchat.鈥澛

He also explained that domestic hotel nights increased by 14 percent, while international hotel nights rose by 13 percent.聽

The Kingdom recorded a 48 percent increase in international visitors during the first quarter compared to the previous year, driven by Vision 2030 initiatives and relaxed visa regulations.聽

International destinations are seeing strong demand from Saudi tourists, particularly Egypt, Turkiye, and Dubai, due to their geographic proximity, cultural similarities, and diverse tourism offerings,鈥 he said. 聽

鈥淩ed Sea cruises have also emerged as a new and appealing option, offering luxurious and comprehensive travel experiences.鈥澛

He added that domestic travel remains a strong draw, stating: 鈥淥n the domestic front, cities such as AlUla, Abha, Al-Baha, Jeddah, and Riyadh have become favored destinations for Saudi travelers. These cities are distinguished by their natural and cultural diversity as well as advanced infrastructure, making them attractive to families and holidaymakers during the Eid season.鈥澛

Al-Mu鈥檃jil added that digital platforms are increasingly central to consumer engagement, noting that the number of e-commerce users in 萝莉视频 is projected to reach 34.5 million by the end of 2025. 聽

鈥淲ith Internet penetration expected to rise from 66.7 percent in 2023 to 74.7 percent by 2027, digital engagement is reshaping how Saudis prepare for Eid, from online bookings to promotional offers,鈥 he said.

Increased spending

More than half 鈥 51 percent 鈥 of consumers in the Kingdom said they are willing to spend more on Eid gifts this year. 聽

According to the Toluna and MetrixLab report, this is driven by a mix of improved financial confidence and a desire to make the holiday more special after years of pandemic-related limitations. 聽

About 38 percent of consumers expressed a desire to make this Eid more special to compensate for pandemic-era limitations, while 36 percent noted improved financial standing.聽

In addition, 35 percent plan to expand their gift lists to include more people, and 30 percent expressed a desire to be more generous with their families and friends.聽

These sentiments are reflected in higher spending across multiple categories. Fashion apparel, fragrances, and electronics have seen a significant bump, while gold and diamond jewelry purchases have also increased slightly. 聽

The trend underscores Eid鈥檚 growing role not just as a religious and cultural moment, but as a peak period of emotional expression through gifting and consumer engagement聽

With 89 percent of consumers planning to give gifts, and significant growth in retail and travel expenditures, Eid Al-Adha is proving to be not just a spiritual cornerstone 鈥 but a vital pillar of the Kingdom鈥檚 economy.聽

The economic impact of Eid Al-Adha is particularly evident in the livestock sector, which sees a surge in demand 鈥 particularly in sheep and goats. 聽

Local farmers, traders, and international suppliers navigate challenges such as rising feed costs and supply chain constraints while ensuring a steady supply. 聽

Although the Kingdom鈥檚 livestock market remains robust, escalating feed prices have put upward pressure on animal prices, prompting some households to consider shared sacrifices or smaller livestock options.聽

Seasonal livestock markets are also set up across major cities to accommodate the peak demand period.聽

The evolving behavior of Saudi consumers 鈥 seeking quality, cultural relevance, and immersive experiences 鈥 indicates broader societal shifts and economic resilience. 聽

As Vision 2030 continues to reshape the Kingdom鈥檚 economic landscape, seasonal events like Eid Al-Adha serve not only as cultural milestones but also as indicators for consumer confidence and economic diversification.


UAE shares end higher as outcome of US-China trade talks awaited

UAE shares end higher as outcome of US-China trade talks awaited
Updated 09 June 2025

UAE shares end higher as outcome of US-China trade talks awaited

UAE shares end higher as outcome of US-China trade talks awaited

LONDON: Stock markets in the UAE ended higher on Monday, in step with Asian peers, as investors awaited the outcome of US-China trade talks in London in the hope that a deal could boost the global economic outlook.

Top US and Chinese officials will sit down in London on Monday for talks aimed at defusing the high-stakes trade dispute between the two super powers that has widened to export controls over goods and components critical to global supply chains.

Dubai鈥檚 benchmark index hit its highest levels since 2008 and settled up 1 percent, with almost all sectors in positive territory.

Tolls operator Salik Company gained 2.3 percent and Deyaar Development surged 14.6 percent.

In Abu Dhabi, the index was up for a third straight session and gained 0.1 percent, lifted by a 1.6 percent rise in blue-chip developer Aldar Properties and a 1.8 percent advance in Abu Dhabi鈥檚 flagship energy firm Abu Dhabi National Energy Company.

Most stock markets in the Gulf and Egypt including Saudi, Qatar, Kuwait are closed on Monday due to a public holiday.


Saudi commercial bank profits jump 16% in April, topping $2bn before zakat, tax

Saudi commercial bank profits jump 16% in April, topping $2bn before zakat, tax
Updated 09 June 2025

Saudi commercial bank profits jump 16% in April, topping $2bn before zakat, tax

Saudi commercial bank profits jump 16% in April, topping $2bn before zakat, tax
  • Year-to-date earnings reached SR32.97 billion, an annual rise of 20%
  • Banks getting balance sheets ready for next investment wave

RIYADH: 萝莉视频鈥檚 banking sector extended its winning streak in April, posting SR7.77 billion ($2.07 billion) in pre-zakat and tax profits, a 16 percent increase compared to the same month last year.

According to the Saudi Central Bank, also known as SAMA, this brought year-to-date earnings to SR32.97 billion, an annual rise of 20 percent, keeping the Kingdom firmly on course for another record-breaking period.

The sustained momentum is attributed to a robust mix of state spending on giga-projects, resilient consumer demand, and still-elevated interest rates.

Financing volumes continue to climb, driven primarily by corporate borrowers across a growing range of industries, including manufacturing, utilities, insurance, and private education. 

Speaking at the inaugural 24 Fintech conference in September, Finance Minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan said the Kingdom had licensed 224 fintech firms by the second quarter of 2024. File/SPA

Contractors are also racing to secure long-term credit for giga-projects such as NEOM, Diriyah, and the Jafurah gas field.

A wider Gulf picture

Strong as those local figures are, the broader region is also gaining momentum. A Kamco Invest report released in May showed that Gulf banks collectively earned a record $15.6 billion in the first quarter of 2025, an 8.6 percent increase from a year earlier.

Financial institutions in the UAE posted the largest absolute increase, adding $639.6 million, while Saudi lenders recorded the fastest annual growth at 17.2 percent.

Kamco added that fee income is rising, costs are under control, and loan-loss provisions fell sharply during the period, cushioning a small dip in net interest income.

Investor appetite is visible in market valuations. Forbes Middle East鈥檚 鈥30 Most Valuable Banks 2025鈥 March list includes 10 Saudi lenders with a combined market cap of about $269 billion鈥 roughly one-third of the entire ranking.

Al Rajhi Bank led the pack at $105.6 billion, with Saudi National Bank following at $54.7 billion.

Contractors are racing to secure long-term credit for giga-projects such as NEOM, Diriyah, and the Jafurah gas field. NEOM

Global Finance named Saudi Awwal Bank the Kingdom鈥檚 best lender in its May 鈥淲orld鈥檚 Best Banks in the Middle East 2025鈥 release, highlighting its HSBC-backed mobile app upgrades, Visa Direct payments, and one-stop small and medium-sized enterprises lending platform.

Cleaning the books and raising cash

Banks are also getting balance sheets ready for the next investment wave.

Bloomberg reported in March that lenders are exploring sales of older non-performing loans to specialist investors to free up capital for upcoming mega project drawdowns.

They鈥檙e also tapping capital markets. By June, they had issued over $5.6 billion in Additional Tier-1 bonds, already a full-year record and the world鈥檚 second-largest AT1 issuance in 2025, according to Bloomberg.

The spree includes Al Rajhi Bank鈥檚 $1.25 billion deal in April, Banque Saudi Fransi鈥檚 $650 million perpetual at 6.375 percent in May, Saudi Awwal Bank鈥檚 $650 million inaugural issue, and Alinma Bank鈥檚 $500 million of sustainable sukuk, all heavily oversubscribed.

Saudi National Bank was ranked in the Forbes Middle East鈥檚 鈥30 Most Valuable Banks 2025鈥 March list. Shutterstock

By tapping eager investors now, while margins remain healthy and global demand for Gulf paper is strong, lenders are bulking up capital buffers and keeping loan-to-deposit ratios in check. That leaves them better prepared to fund the fast-rising credit needs of projects like NEOM and Diriyah without tripping liquidity alarms later in the year.

Fintech role

Fintech is reshaping Saudi banking from the ground up. The Saudi Central Bank鈥檚 Open Banking Framework 鈥 most recently updated in September to cover payment-initiation services 鈥 sets common technical rules that let lenders and start-ups plug their systems together safely and at speed.

Speaking at the inaugural 24 Fintech conference in September, Finance Minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan revealed that the Kingdom had licensed 224 fintech firms by the second quarter of 2024, up from fewer than 100 just three years earlier.

One of the newest players is Riyadh-based Stitch, which closed a $10 million seed round on May 28. The company offers a single set of application-programming interfaces that lets banks, fintechs and even non-financial brands bolt on real-time payments and open-banking functions far faster than older systems.

Early adopters already include Lulu Exchange and point-of-sale platform Foodics. The founders say the fresh cash will go toward doubling the engineering team and expanding the product suite.

萝莉视频鈥檚 sustained momentum is attributed to a robust mix of state spending on giga-projects, resilient consumer demand, and still-elevated interest rates. File/AFP

Looking ahead

Riyad Capital鈥檚 first-quarter preview, released in April, expects another double-digit profit rise this year, about SR19 billion for the listed banks it tracks, as loan growth stays strong and rate cuts arrive slowly.

S&P Global, in its 萝莉视频 Banking Sector Outlook 2025 report, says a 10 percent increase in lending should outweigh a 20- to 30-basis-point dip in margins, keeping sector returns on assets near 2.1 percent to 2.2 percent.

Funding is the main watchpoint. Moody鈥檚 shifted its system outlook to stable on Feb. 25, saying strong credit growth is tightening liquidity, but capital buffers remain solid.

For now, asset-quality risks remain low. S&P expects non-performing loans to edge up to just 1.7 percent by the end of 2025, while loan-loss provisions are projected to stay around 50 to 60 basis points. Banks鈥 total capital ratios, hovering near 19 percent, provide a solid buffer to absorb potential shocks from falling oil prices or rising private-sector leverage.

Saudi lenders are still the region鈥檚 earnings workhorse. Profits are rising, market values are high, and fresh money 鈥 from bond buyers to venture capitalists 鈥 is flowing in. If they can keep gathering deposits quickly enough to fund a fast-growing loan book, the Kingdom鈥檚 banks look set to stay ahead of their Gulf neighbors in both profit and ambition well into next year.


Saudi carrier flynas to expand operations across 4 hubs, official says聽

Saudi carrier flynas to expand operations across 4 hubs, official says聽
Updated 09 June 2025

Saudi carrier flynas to expand operations across 4 hubs, official says聽

Saudi carrier flynas to expand operations across 4 hubs, official says聽
  • Hubs include Riyadh, Jeddah, Madinah, and Dammam as part of growth plan
  • Carrier expanded its summer schedule, launching four new international destinations

RIYADH: 萝莉视频鈥檚 low-cost carrier flynas is set to expand operations across its four main hubs 鈥 Riyadh, Jeddah, Madinah, and Dammam 鈥 as part of an ambitious growth plan, according to a top official. 

In an interview with Al-Eqtisadiah, Waleed Ahmed, the company鈥檚 official spokesperson, said that flynas holds the largest aircraft order in the Kingdom and one of the biggest in the Middle East, with a total of 280 aircraft set to be received. 

This follows a major deal signed in July with Airbus to acquire 160 new aircraft, including 30 wide-body A330neo and 130 single-aisle jets across A320neo, A321neo, and A321LR models. 

The airline has seen a sharp rise in passenger traffic, with volumes climbing from around 11 million in 2023 to more than 14.7 million in 2024, reflecting the low-cost carrier鈥檚 rapid expansion in line with 萝莉视频鈥檚 push to position itself as a leading global hub for tourism and business. 

鈥淭hese numbers reinforce the company鈥檚 role in supporting Vision 2030, which aims to increase the number of passengers to 330 million and attract more than 150 million international passengers by that year.鈥 Ahmed said, as quoted by Al-Eqtisadiah. 

He also highlighted that, as part of its ambitious strategic plan, flynas has expanded its summer schedule by launching four new destinations for the first time: Krakow in Poland, Geneva in Switzerland, Milan in Italy, and Rize in Turkiye, in addition to its usual summer routes. 

Last week, flynas finalized its initial public offering at SR80 ($21) per share 鈥 the top of its indicated price range 鈥 following strong demand from both institutional and retail investors. 

The pricing values the airline at an estimated market capitalization of SR13.6 billion at listing. 

The offering followed the company鈥檚 announcement last month of its intention to float 30 percent of its share capital on the Saudi Exchange, making flynas the first airline in the Kingdom to go public and the first Gulf airline IPO in nearly two decades. 

In line with its ongoing fleet expansion, flynas recently took delivery of its fourth Airbus A320neo of 2025, bringing the total number of A320neo aircraft in its all-Airbus fleet to 57. The current fleet includes 63 aircraft 鈥 57 A320neo, four A320ceo, and two A330neo wide-body jets.


Al-Habtoor Group chairman to lead high-level delegation to Syria, exploring investment opportunities

Al-Habtoor Group chairman to lead high-level delegation to Syria, exploring investment opportunities
Updated 09 June 2025

Al-Habtoor Group chairman to lead high-level delegation to Syria, exploring investment opportunities

Al-Habtoor Group chairman to lead high-level delegation to Syria, exploring investment opportunities
  • Group said visit reflects its ongoing strategy to explore new cooperation with Syrian government
  • Khalaf Al-Habtoor to visit Syria in coming days

RIYADH: The head of Dubai conglomerate Al-Habtoor Group is set to visit Syria with a delegation of senior executives to discuss potential investments and partnerships with the new government.

According to a statement, the visit reflects the group鈥檚 ongoing strategy to explore new avenues of cooperation with the Syrian government and to assess potential investment opportunities across multiple sectors. 

It added that the trip stems from 鈥渁 firm belief鈥 in Syria鈥檚 ability to recover its strength and regional standing and the importance of public-private partnerships in the country鈥檚 rebuilding phase.

The move comes as Syria鈥檚 transitional government, led by President Ahmed Al-Sharaa, pushes economic reforms to attract foreign investment, including privatizations, relaxed trade policies, and major infrastructure deals. 

Speaking ahead of the trip, the group鈥檚 Chairman Khalaf Ahmad Al-Habtoor said: 鈥淪yria is a country rich in culture, history, and capable people. We believe in its future potential and are eager to play a role in its revival through meaningful projects that generate employment.鈥  

He added: 鈥淲e look to Syria with great confidence. Its people possess the energy and resilience needed to shape a strong and prosperous future. As an Arab group with deep regional roots, we consider it both a moral and economic responsibility to stand as a partner in rebuilding stable and thriving societies.鈥

Al-Habtoor Group, a UAE-based multinational with a strong presence in the hospitality, real estate, and automotive industries, has a history of large-scale investments in the Middle East. The move follows the organization鈥檚 recent withdrawal from Lebanon, where it cited instability as a barrier to business.


Jordan鈥檚 foreign exchange reserves hold steady at $22.76bn in May

Jordan鈥檚 foreign exchange reserves hold steady at $22.76bn in May
Updated 09 June 2025

Jordan鈥檚 foreign exchange reserves hold steady at $22.76bn in May

Jordan鈥檚 foreign exchange reserves hold steady at $22.76bn in May
  • Gold holdings at the end of May were valued at $7.76 billion
  • Qatar Central Bank recorded a 3.6% increase in its foreign currency reserves and liquidity

RIYADH: Jordan鈥檚 foreign exchange reserves remained largely unchanged in May, standing at $22.76 billion, as per new data released by the Central Bank of Jordan. 

The slight month-on-month dip 鈥 about 0.2 percent from April 鈥 reflects broad stability in the Kingdom鈥檚 external buffers. 

Jordan鈥檚 foreign exchange figures are broadly in line with trends observed across other Middle East and North African countries. 

The Qatar Central Bank recorded a 3.6 percent increase in its foreign currency reserves and liquidity, reaching 258.135 billion Qatari riyals ($70.9 billion) in May, up from 249.165 billion riyals in May 2024. 

Jordan鈥檚 long-term foreign-currency issuer default rating was affirmed at 鈥淏B-鈥 with a stable outlook by Fitch Ratings. File/AFP

Egypt鈥檚 foreign exchange reserves rose to $48.525 billion by the end of May, compared to $48.144 billion in April, marking an increase of $381 million. 

鈥淭he Central Bank of Jordan stated in a statement today that its total foreign reserves are sufficient to cover the country鈥檚 imports of goods and services for approximately nine months,鈥 the Qatar News Agency reported. 

The central bank also reported that gold holdings at the end of May were valued at $7.76 billion, totaling 2.345 million ounces, underscoring the role of bullion in Jordan鈥檚 reserve composition. 

鈥淚t added that the presence of comfortable levels of foreign reserves enhances the ability to influence exchange rates, provides a stable economic environment, and enhances the confidence of foreign creditors and investors,鈥 the QNA report stated, citing the Jordan Central Bank. 

The Central Bank of Jordan said its total foreign reserves are sufficient to cover the country鈥檚 imports of goods and services for approximately nine months. File/AFP

In May, Jordan鈥檚 long-term foreign-currency issuer default rating was affirmed at 鈥淏B-鈥 with a stable outlook by Fitch Ratings, citing the country鈥檚 macroeconomic stability and progress on fiscal and economic reforms. 

The US-based credit rating agency noted that the rating and stable outlook also reflect Jordan鈥檚 resilient financing sources 鈥 including a liquid banking sector, a robust public pension fund, and sustained international support. 

Despite the stable outlook, Jordan鈥檚 credit rating remains below that of several other countries in the region. In February, Fitch affirmed 萝莉视频鈥檚 IDR at 鈥淎+鈥 with a stable outlook, while the UAE was rated 鈥淎A-.鈥 

Fitch said the ratings are constrained by high government debt, moderate growth, risks from domestic and regional politics, as well as current account deficits and net external debt levels that exceed those of rating peers. 

Jordan鈥檚 foreign exchange figures are broadly in line with trends observed across other Middle East and North African countries. Central Bank of Jordan

A 鈥淏B鈥 rating indicates elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse shifts in business or economic conditions. However, it also suggests some degree of financial or operational flexibility in meeting commitments. 

Fitch also noted that Jordan鈥檚 government remains committed to advancing its three-pillar reform agenda 鈥 spanning economic, public administration, and political sectors 鈥 despite external pressures. 

The agency added that the pace of reforms will continue to be shaped by the need to preserve social stability, resistance from vested interests, and institutional capacity limitations.