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PESHAWAR: Thousands of Afghans who were registered as refugees have surged over the border from Pakistan in recent days, with officials telling AFP returns have escalated despite the weekend’s deadly earthquake in Afghanistan.

Pakistan has hosted Afghans fleeing violence for more than four decades, from the Soviet invasion to the 2021 Taliban takeover.

Various cohorts of Afghans have found differing degrees of stability, including access to work and education, in neighboring Pakistan. Some were born and raised there, while others transited en route to resettlement in the West.

However, Pakistan’s government, citing an uptick in violent attacks and insurgent campaigns, launched a crackdown in 2023 to evict them, painting the population as “terrorists and criminals.”

More than 1.2 million Afghans have since been forced to return from Pakistan, including more than 443,000 this year alone, according to the United Nations.

The crackdown has most recently targeted an estimated 1.3 million refugees with UNHCR-issued Proof of Registration (PoR) cards, with Islamabad setting a deadline of September 1 for them to leave or face arrest and deportation.

At the Chaman border crossing, “more than 4,000 people have left ever since the deadline ended,” local administrator Habib Bangulzai told AFP.

In Spin Boldak on the Afghan side, migrant registration official Abdul Latif Hakimi estimated that “250 to 300 families are returning” daily since August 31.

At the Torkham crossing further north, more than 6,300 PoR holders returned on Tuesday alone, according to authorities managing the terminal. They estimated that nearly 63,000 PoR cardholders have entered Afghanistan since April.

Afghan refugees, some awaiting relocation overseas, reported police raids as well as extortion and harassment by authorities in the lead-up to the latest deadline.

Convoys of Afghan families, fearing arrest, detention and separation, headed to the border.

The most recent data from the UNHCR shows an uptick of crossings in August, with a surge between August 24 and 30 of 25,490 Afghan returnees, of which 13,525 were PoR holders.

Afghan returnee Khan Wali told AFP he was unable to work in the eastern city of Lahore and faced constant harassment.

“Police used to detain us repeatedly. They seized our belongings,” he said from the Spin Boldak crossing.

An Afghan PoR holder in Peshawar told AFP the situation was easier in that city, which borders Afghanistan and is held by Pakistan’s political opposition.

However, she said “people are facing hell” in the capital Islamabad.

The latest expulsions come as already impoverished Afghanistan responds to a devastating 6.0 earthquake that wiped out villages along the border that were home to many recently expelled migrants.

More than 1,400 people were killed in the disaster.

Analysts say the evictions are designed to pressure neighboring Afghanistan’s Taliban administration, which Islamabad blames for fueling a rise in border attacks.

The Afghan Taliban denies involvement.

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan dispatched 105 tons of humanitarian relief to Afghanistan on Wednesday, including food, medicines, tents, blankets and bubble mats, to assist victims of recent earthquakes in the country’s east.

The earthquakes — one measuring magnitude 6.0 on Aug. 31 and a magnitude 5.5 aftershock two days later — have killed at least 1,400 people, injured over 3,000, and flattened more than 5,400 homes in provinces including Kunar and Nangarhar, officials said. Rescue efforts are hampered by remote, mountainous terrain and landslides.

“Following my telephone call with Foreign Minister Muttaqi, the Government of Pakistan today dispatched 105 tons of humanitarian relief assistance to Afghanistan,” Pakistani Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Senator Mohammad Ishaq Dar said in a statement. 

“The consignment includes essential food items, medicines, tents, blankets, and bubble mats, aimed at supporting those affected by the recent earthquakes in the country,” he added.

International organizations, including the United Nations and Médecins Sans Frontières, have called for urgent humanitarian support, citing thousands trapped under rubble, stretched medical facilities and rising aftershocks amid the cold, rugged landscape.

This earthquake is among the worst to strike the region in recent years, underscoring Afghanistan’s vulnerability, driven by its location along active fault lines, fragile infrastructure, and limited emergency response capacity.