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Amid the growing push for sustainability across the Middle East, Kuwait is setting a bold example with its innovative initiatives. A standout project is the recent installation of renewable energy-powered smart street lighting in South Abdullah Al-Mubarak. Launched by the Kuwait Authority for Partnership Projects, this initiative embodies Kuwait’s ambitious vision of transitioning from an oil-dependent economy to one that is diversified, resilient and aligned with global sustainability goals.
However, Kuwait is not alone in this effort. Across the Middle East and North Africa, countries are increasingly adopting similar smart infrastructure projects, signaling a collective regional movement toward sustainable and tech-driven urban futures.
Historically reliant on hydrocarbons, Kuwait, currently the ninth-largest global producer, derives more than 70 percent of its government revenue from oil. However, growing international pressure to cut carbon emissions has shown flaws in this paradigm.
Kuwait is proactively adopting renewable energy, setting a goal of generating 15 percent of its power from renewable sources by 2030. This ambition is demonstrated by recent initiatives, such as the establishment of a $165 billion state investment fund devoted to smart cities, renewable energy and sustainable transport infrastructure. Adding to this are the two significant solar power projects at Al-Dibdibah and Al-Shagaya, with a combined capacity of 500 megawatts.
This strategy aligns with Kuwait’s broader urban vision, announced in 2018 with the establishment of Saad Al-Abdullah City as the nation’s first fully integrated smart city. The South Abdullah Al-Mubarak smart lighting project is also a perfect example of how smart infrastructure can promote sustainable urban development. The project significantly reduces carbon emissions, improves public safety and lowers municipal energy costs by using solar energy to power urban lighting.
This project stands out in Kuwait, but it is part of a larger wave of similar initiatives across the MENA region. Various regional countries are embarking on ambitious, large-scale sustainability projects, all contributing to a collective push toward a greener, more resilient future.
For instance, Masdar City in Abu Dhabi shows perfectly the way in which Gulf nations are advancing in sustainable development. More than just a city, Masdar is a living testament to the future of green infrastructure. Approximately 90 percent of its buildings employ low-carbon materials and construction techniques, and solar panels are deployed extensively across the cityscape. The city is powered by a 10MW solar array and numerous rooftop installations, generating 17.5 gigawatt-hours of clean electricity and offsetting 15,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year. The city is designed as an effective model of sustainable urban development.
In ÂÜÀòÊÓƵ, the $500 billion city of NEOM is pushing the envelope even further. Designed from the ground up as a model of sustainability, NEOM will be powered entirely by solar, wind and green hydrogen, ensuring a zero-carbon footprint. The city’s design is centered on innovation, featuring autonomous high-speed transport systems like the Spine rail link that will connect communities and eliminate the need for cars. This will allow residents to travel across the entire city in just 20 minutes.
Moving to North Africa, Morocco is also making significant strides in smart infrastructure. The $500 million smart waterfront project in Casablanca aims to optimize energy efficiency and enhance urban mobility. IBM has been collaborating with Moroccan cities since 2011, helping to drive local government digital transformation through big data and artificial intelligence. One of the leading examples is Mohammed VI Green City in Benguerir, which combines digital innovation with sustainable urban planning. Built on a former mining site, this project links academic research with policymaking, positioning Morocco as a leader in urban sustainability in Africa.
However, realizing these ambitions is not without challenges. In the recent blackout in Spain, renewable energy sources were inaccurately blamed for the massive power outage. Such incidents underline the importance of good monitoring and advisory services, resilient planning and careful public perception management, vital elements for Middle East countries as they expand renewable energy integration.
Moreover, significant sociocultural and structural barriers remain. With ecological activism still nascent, Kuwait’s energy sector remains overwhelmingly reliant on fossil fuels, with 99 percent of its energy coming from these sources. The dominant consumerist mindset, combined with these structural dependencies, creates obstacles to a swift transition toward a sustainable energy model. Similar complexities have emerged regionally within Masdar City, which was initially designed for 50,000 inhabitants but currently houses only about 6,000 predominantly affluent or expatriate residents, illustrating the socioeconomic divide that can accompany ambitious smart city projects.

Countries are embarking on ambitious projects, all contributing to a collective push toward a greener, more resilient future.

Zaid M. Belbagi

As such, ensuring fair access to the benefits of smart cities is paramount. However, integrating smart technologies with urban green spaces presents additional technical and practical challenges. While parks equipped with sensors and precision watering systems promise enhanced air quality and optimized temperatures, managing the high costs, ensuring data reliability and addressing privacy concerns remain significant hurdles. The experiences of NEOM and Masdar City, both aiming for car-free urban landscapes and AI-driven governance, show the delicate balance between technological ambition and socioeconomic realism.
Looking ahead, Kuwait’s targeted approach to renewable-powered smart infrastructure demonstrates both foresight and pragmatism, recognizing sustainability and economic resilience as mutually reinforcing objectives. However, the success of these ambitious smart cities will depend less on the volume of capital and sophistication of technology deployed and more on their ability to ensure equitable participation, transparency and the inclusion of local communities.
As smart lights illuminate Gulf streets today, they may also shine a guiding light on a path toward a genuine, equitable urban sustainability revolution in the MENA region. The challenge ahead will be maintaining commitment amid persistent structural dependencies on fossil fuels. If Kuwait and its regional counterparts can manage this balance effectively, their smart city initiatives could redefine urban development paradigms across the Middle East, setting an essential precedent for sustainability, inclusivity and technological integration.

• Zaid M. Belbagi is a political commentator and an adviser to private clients between London and the Gulf Cooperation Council. X: @Moulay_Zaid